This note contains a brief commentary on some of the main legal terms in international debt issues of or guaranteed by Ukraine. The objective is to analyse the degree to which these bonds are consistent with practice in the international capital markets and to weigh up the balance between the sovereign debtor and the bondholder creditors in terms of the rights and protections granted by the terms of the bonds. The main conclusion is that the bond issue legal terms seek to enhance stability for both Ukraine and the bondholders if there is a crisis.
The Company Law of the People’s Republic of China currently in force adopts a company registration system under supervision. Specific rules within the legislation cover a registered capital system requiring a minimum amount of registered capital, a certain capital contribution period and a minimum ratio of cash contribution.
This article reviews the recent amendments to the law. This reform relaxed the governmental supervision required and will see significant innovations in the company registration system, especially in the registered capital aspect.
You are an American company expanding its business into China. You have just clinched a highly coveted multi-million-dollar deal, documented in a one hundred-page contract that seems to cover every conceivable hiccup. But that lucrative deal, which took months to close, may not be as airtight as you imagine. If a dispute arises between your company and your Chinese business partner, how can you resolve it? The Chinese business may have assets in China, but again it is difficult to enforce a US judgment in China: The two superpowers do not yet have reciprocal arrangements to recognize judgments from each other’s courts. This article explains how to manage and resolve disputes in China, and, where possible, avoid them altogether.
On average around the world, starting a business takes 7 procedures, 25 days and costs 32% of income per capita in fees. To operate and expand, the firm will need financing—from shareholders or from creditors. Raising money in the capital market is easier and less costly where minority shareholders feel protected from self-interested transactions by large shareholders. Good corporate governance rules can provide this kind of protection. But among the 189 economies covered by this article, 46 still have only very limited requirements for disclosing majority shareholders’ conflicts of interest—or none at all. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in removing some of the biggest bureaucratic obstacles to private sector activity. Yet small and medium-size enterprises still are subject to burdensome regulations and vague rules that are unevenly applied and that impose inefficiencies on the enterprise sector. Learn more about the specific regulatory obstacles small and medium-size enterprises must navigate.
Panama is a premier location. Whether traveling on commercial flights or by cruise ship, it is easily accessible to visitors from all over the world. A tax system that supports business start-ups and ship registrations makes the country especially attractive to foreign businesses.
Since the financial crisis we have seen an emerging trend of companies entering into joint ventures rather than 100% acquisitions, particularly in Europe and the MENASA and Asia Pacific regions.
This InfoPAK addresses United States laws imposing export controls and economic and trade sanctions. These laws and their implementing regulations can present unique challenges to businesses, as they are complex and often, can be counter-intuitive to the business person. Nevertheless, U.S. government enforcement agencies expect companies to know the rules governing cross-border commerce. Further, an increasing number of companies are being held accountable for violations of these laws and regulations and are receiving ever-increasing
penalties.
Amcham-Brasil’s How-To Guides for businesses seeking opportunities in Brazil. Documents in the following categories provide the groundwork for successful expansion into Latin America’s fastest-growing economy:
• How to invest in São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco, and Goiás
• How to manage corporate taxes in Brazil, to establish a business presence in Brazil, to obtain visas for Brazil, to do
governmental contracts in Brazil, legitimize a business partnership in Brazil, and to understand litigation in Brazil
• How to obtain environmental permits in Brazil
• How to understand legal aspects of doing infrastructure business in Brazil
• How to do cash management in Brazil and to deal with banks financing in Brazil
• How to protect people and property in Brazil and to import into Brazil
• How to understand real estate market in Brazil and to choose your logistical/industrial facility in Brazil
• How to do branding in Brazil
• How to understand IT law in Brazil
This program is designed to give in-house counsel advising businesses in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council - Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) states a better understanding of the laws and business dynamics of the region. Issues to be covered include opportunities for investment to and from the region; regional variations and Dubai as a hub; contractual issues and joint ventures; disputes and arbitration; Islamic finance; anti-bribery and corruption; diligence and know your customer (KYC); Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and sanctions; and cultural understanding for those from outside the region.