A review of changes to Brazilian laws related to social security contributions. In some economic sectors, Brazilian law reduce social security contribution requirements to encourage growth.
1 January 2014 saw the implementation of Basel III in the European Union (EU) via the Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD IV) and the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR). These twin pieces of regulatory reform represent the biggest change to capital requirements for financial institutions since the financial crisis. The combined reforms introduce new capital, leverage and liquidity requirements, whilst also introducing new concepts such as capital buffers and imposing regulatory frameworks on securitisations, derivatives trading and remuneration policies. Read this series of briefing papers on the impact of CRD IV and the CRR.
This report underlines the extent to which corporates have sought to diversify their funding mix. Following years of volatility and uncertainty, the financial markets appear to be stabilising. What’s now clear, as the dust settles from the financial crisis, is that a structural shift has taken place in the way that corporates access finance. This report highlights that, rather than returning to normality, financing is set to become increasingly diversified. It also assesses the implication of this on the behaviour of both banks and funds.
This brief article reviews regulations applicable to crowd-funding in France, the United Kingdom, and Italy, with some discussion of the practical application of the rules.
This Top Ten focuses on protections needed in a ground lease in order for a leasehold mortgagee to consider the ground lease financeable.
A review of how Brazil's recent Anti-Corruption Law intersects with its Bankruptcy Law, with particular focus on the Bankruptcy Law's allowance of the sale of a business without the inheritance of any liabilities.
A review of procedural tax law in Portugal, with a focus on the burden of proof in tax cases.
This primer provides an overview of how the competition legislation is currently enforced in the UK by the OFT. The OFT has noted that detecting and taking enforcement action against cartels is a priority and there is likely to be high financial penalties for taking part in cartel activity.